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12 Volt DC Motor’s Definition and Structure

12 volt DC motor is a rotary motor which can convert the direct current into mechanical energy or convert mechanical energy into DC power. It means that the 12 volt DC motor can interconvert electric energy and mechanical energy. When it is operated as a DC motor, electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.

When as a DC generator, it converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. 12 volt DC motor is composed of stator and rotor. Stator is still when the motor is working. Its main function is to generate magnetic field. It is composed of a base, a main magnetic pole, a reversing polarity, end cover, a bearing, a brush device and etc.

Rotor is running when the motor is working. Its main function is to generate electromagnetic torque and the induced electromotive force. It is a conversion hub of 12 volt DC motor coverting energy, so it is usually called the armature which is composed of a rotating shaft, an armature core, an armature winding, commutator, fan and etc.

24 Volt DC Motor’s Principle and Advantages

The circular permanent magnetis is fixed in the 24 volt DC motor. The current generates Lorenz force through the coil on the rotor. when the rotor coil parallel with the magnetic field, and then the direction of the magnetic field rotation will be changed.

And at the end of the rotor the brush with conversion piece alternatively contact, thus the direction of the current coil is also changed. But the direction of the generated Lorenz force will not be changed, so the motor can keep revolving in one direction. The 24 volt DC motor has the following advantages.

First, 24 volt DC motor can be equipped with standard gear box, orthogonal hollow shaft of reducer, orthogonal solid shaft reducer, small turbine reducer etc. Second, using 24 V DC motor has large starting torque. Third, it has little change of rotating speed. Fourth, it can install brake or high speed device based on need. Fifth, it has wide application, high efficiency, electricity saving and convenient maintenance.

Gear Motor’s Characteristics and Application

The gear motor is generally used for low speed and large torque transmission equipment which is to decelerate the high-speed working equipment through the input shaft of the speed reducer’s less-teeth gear less engages with the output gear axle. Gear motor 60KTYZ-2 is a synchronous motor which is incorporated by a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a retarding mechanism.

Gear Motor

With small power consumption, large torque, low noise, small size, light weight, convenient use, it can remain stable and the motor speed can not be influenced by voltage in the rated frequency. If the gear motor overload or stall when it loads, motor coil will not be burned. Gear motor is mainly applied to monitor the PTZ, electric appliance, cooling- heating valve, automatic instrument, electric model, electric advertisement, mahjong table, screen machine, laminator, currency-counting machine, barbecue equipment, display cabinets, hot dog machine, electric apparatus and all small subpoena power and low constant speed running equipment.

DC Brushless Motor’s Structure and Function

Brushless DC motor, which is made up of a drive and the electric motor, is a typical electromechanical product. The stator winding of the electric motor is wye connected triphase symmetrically which is very similar with three-phase asynchronous motor.

brushless dc motor

brushless dc motor

The rotor of the motor is stuck with a permanent magnet which has been magnetized. A position sensor is equipped in the motor in order to detect the polarity of the rotor. The drive is constituted by power electronic devices and integrated circuit. It has four main functions as following. First, a drive receives the signal when the motor starts, stops and brakes in order to control the motor correspondingly.

Second, it receives the position sensor signal and a positive reversal signal to control the switch of the inverter’s each power transistor and produce continuous torque. Third, it receives the speed command and speed feedback signal to control and adjust the speed. Fourth, it provides protection and display space.

DC Motor Speed Control: Characteristics and Principle

DC motor has good performance of controlling speed. The performance of speed control means that the motor artificially change its speed under certain load conditions based on the need. DC motor can do the stepless speed regulation evenly and smoothly and has wide speed range under the conditions of heavy load. And the other advantage of DC motor speed control is the large starting torque which can control the speed evenly and economically. Therefore, the machine which starts under heavy load or requires uniform speed control, such as large reversible rolling mill, hoist, electric locomotives, trams, is driven by DC motor.

DC Motor Speed Control
The principle of DC motor is to make the armature to be effected by electromagnetic torque in one direction. The key point is how will the direction of the current flowing through the coil transform in time when the coil side is in the different polarity of the magnetic pole. So we must add a device called commutator with the brush to ensure that each pole current coil side is always in one direction. Then the motor can rotate continuously.

Brushless DC Motor’s Classification and Structure

Brushless DC motor switches the stator and rotor of an ordinary DC motor. Its rotor produces air gap flux for permanent magnet. And the stator is an armature composed of multiphase winding. Brushless DC motor has similar structure with the permanent magnet synchronous motor.

The stator of a brushless DC motor has the same structure with a synchronous motor or induction motor. After multiple phase winding such as three-phase, four-phase, five-phase winding is embedded into the iron core, the winding can be shaped into a star or triangle, and separately connects with each power tube of the inverter so as to make reasonable commutation.

Rotor is mostly made by samarium,cobalt, neodymium, iron, boron or other rare earth materials with high coercivity and high remanence. The magnetic pole be divided into surface magnetic pole, the embedded pole and the annular magnetic poles due to the different placement of the magnetic materials in the magnetic poles. Because the motor body is a permanent magnet motor, brushless DC motor is also called permanent magnet brushless DC motor.

AC Motor’s Operating Principle

Actually, AC motor is everywhere in our life. For example, it is widely applied in the lampblack machine, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, electric fan, ventilator, hairdryer and etc. How does it work? Take single-phase AC motor, one type of the AC motors, for instance. Single-phase AC motor has two windings, the starting winding and the running winding. The starting winding is connected in series on a large capacitor. When the running winding and the starting winding go through the single-phase alternating current, it reached the maximum value because the capacitor makes the current in the starting winding has an angle of 90 degrees ahead of the running winding in time. Then the same two pulse magnetic fields are formed in the time and space so that a revolving magnetic field is generated in the air gap between the stator and the rotor. In the effect of revolving magnetic field, induction current is produced in a rotor. In the meantime, with the electromagnetic torque produced by the interaction between revolving magnetic field and current, the motor rotates.